--- /dev/null
+
+Microsoft Visual Studio Solution File, Format Version 11.00
+# Visual Studio 2010
+Project("{FAE04EC0-301F-11D3-BF4B-00C04F79EFBC}") = "Chapter4", "Chapter4\Chapter4.csproj", "{37471E60-2441-47FB-9060-DDEFD1FB9266}"
+EndProject
+Global
+ GlobalSection(SolutionConfigurationPlatforms) = preSolution
+ Debug|x86 = Debug|x86
+ Release|x86 = Release|x86
+ EndGlobalSection
+ GlobalSection(ProjectConfigurationPlatforms) = postSolution
+ {37471E60-2441-47FB-9060-DDEFD1FB9266}.Debug|x86.ActiveCfg = Debug|x86
+ {37471E60-2441-47FB-9060-DDEFD1FB9266}.Debug|x86.Build.0 = Debug|x86
+ {37471E60-2441-47FB-9060-DDEFD1FB9266}.Release|x86.ActiveCfg = Release|x86
+ {37471E60-2441-47FB-9060-DDEFD1FB9266}.Release|x86.Build.0 = Release|x86
+ EndGlobalSection
+ GlobalSection(MonoDevelopProperties) = preSolution
+ StartupItem = Chapter4\Chapter4.csproj
+ EndGlobalSection
+EndGlobal
--- /dev/null
+<Properties>
+ <MonoDevelop.Ide.Workspace ActiveConfiguration="Debug|x86" />
+ <MonoDevelop.Ide.Workbench ActiveDocument="Chapter4/Main.cs">
+ <Files>
+ <File FileName="Chapter4/Main.cs" Line="124" Column="7" />
+ </Files>
+ </MonoDevelop.Ide.Workbench>
+ <MonoDevelop.Ide.DebuggingService.Breakpoints>
+ <BreakpointStore />
+ </MonoDevelop.Ide.DebuggingService.Breakpoints>
+ <MonoDevelop.Ide.DebuggingService.PinnedWatches />
+</Properties>
\ No newline at end of file
--- /dev/null
+using System.Reflection;
+using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
+
+// Information about this assembly is defined by the following attributes.
+// Change them to the values specific to your project.
+
+[assembly: AssemblyTitle("Chapter4")]
+[assembly: AssemblyDescription("")]
+[assembly: AssemblyConfiguration("")]
+[assembly: AssemblyCompany("")]
+[assembly: AssemblyProduct("")]
+[assembly: AssemblyCopyright("gustavo")]
+[assembly: AssemblyTrademark("")]
+[assembly: AssemblyCulture("")]
+
+// The assembly version has the format "{Major}.{Minor}.{Build}.{Revision}".
+// The form "{Major}.{Minor}.*" will automatically update the build and revision,
+// and "{Major}.{Minor}.{Build}.*" will update just the revision.
+
+[assembly: AssemblyVersion("1.0.*")]
+
+// The following attributes are used to specify the signing key for the assembly,
+// if desired. See the Mono documentation for more information about signing.
+
+//[assembly: AssemblyDelaySign(false)]
+//[assembly: AssemblyKeyFile("")]
+
--- /dev/null
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<Project DefaultTargets="Build" ToolsVersion="4.0" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
+ <PropertyGroup>
+ <Configuration Condition=" '$(Configuration)' == '' ">Debug</Configuration>
+ <Platform Condition=" '$(Platform)' == '' ">x86</Platform>
+ <ProductVersion>10.0.0</ProductVersion>
+ <SchemaVersion>2.0</SchemaVersion>
+ <ProjectGuid>{37471E60-2441-47FB-9060-DDEFD1FB9266}</ProjectGuid>
+ <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
+ <RootNamespace>Chapter4</RootNamespace>
+ <AssemblyName>Chapter4</AssemblyName>
+ </PropertyGroup>
+ <PropertyGroup Condition=" '$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'Debug|x86' ">
+ <DebugSymbols>true</DebugSymbols>
+ <DebugType>full</DebugType>
+ <Optimize>false</Optimize>
+ <OutputPath>bin\Debug</OutputPath>
+ <DefineConstants>DEBUG;</DefineConstants>
+ <ErrorReport>prompt</ErrorReport>
+ <WarningLevel>4</WarningLevel>
+ <PlatformTarget>x86</PlatformTarget>
+ <Externalconsole>true</Externalconsole>
+ </PropertyGroup>
+ <PropertyGroup Condition=" '$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'Release|x86' ">
+ <DebugType>none</DebugType>
+ <Optimize>true</Optimize>
+ <OutputPath>bin\Release</OutputPath>
+ <ErrorReport>prompt</ErrorReport>
+ <WarningLevel>4</WarningLevel>
+ <PlatformTarget>x86</PlatformTarget>
+ <Externalconsole>true</Externalconsole>
+ </PropertyGroup>
+ <ItemGroup>
+ <Reference Include="System" />
+ </ItemGroup>
+ <ItemGroup>
+ <Compile Include="Main.cs" />
+ <Compile Include="AssemblyInfo.cs" />
+ </ItemGroup>
+ <Import Project="$(MSBuildBinPath)\Microsoft.CSharp.targets" />
+</Project>
\ No newline at end of file
--- /dev/null
+using System;
+using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+
+namespace Chapter4
+{
+ class MainClass
+ {
+ public static void Main (string[] args)
+ {
+ /**
+ * Listing 4.1 Using various members of Nullable<T>
+ *
+ */
+ Console.WriteLine("Listing 4.1 Using various members of Nullable<T>");
+ Nullable<int> x = 5;
+ x = new Nullable<int>(5);
+ Console.WriteLine("Instance with value:");
+ Display(x);
+
+ x = new Nullable<int>();
+ Console.WriteLine("Instance without value:");
+ Display(x);
+
+ /**
+ * Listing 4.2 Boxing and unboxing behaviour of nullable types.
+ *
+ */
+ Console.WriteLine("Listing 4.2 Boxing and unboxing behaviour of nullable types.");
+ Nullable<int> nullable42 = 5;
+
+ object boxed42 = nullable42;
+ Console.WriteLine(boxed42.GetType());
+
+ int normal = (int)boxed42;
+ Console.WriteLine(normal);
+
+ nullable42 = (Nullable<int>)boxed42;
+ Console.WriteLine(nullable42);
+
+ nullable42 = new Nullable<int>();
+ boxed42 = nullable42;
+ Console.WriteLine(boxed42 == null);
+
+ nullable42 = (Nullable<int>)boxed42;
+ Console.WriteLine(nullable42.HasValue);
+
+ /**
+ * Listing 4.3 The same code as 4.2 but using the ? modifier.
+ *
+ */
+ Console.WriteLine("Listing 4.3 The same code as 4.2 but using the ? modifier.");
+ int? nullable43 = 5;
+
+ object boxed43 = nullable43;
+ Console.WriteLine(boxed43.GetType());
+
+ int normal43 = (int)boxed43;
+ Console.WriteLine(normal43);
+
+ nullable43 = (Nullable<int>)boxed43;
+ Console.WriteLine(nullable43);
+
+ nullable43 = new Nullable<int>();
+ boxed43 = nullable43;
+ Console.WriteLine(boxed43 == null);
+
+ nullable43 = (Nullable<int>)boxed43;
+ Console.WriteLine(nullable43.HasValue);
+
+ /**
+ * Listing 4.4 Part of a Person class including calculation of age.
+ *
+ */
+ Console.WriteLine("Listing 4.4 Part of a Person class including calculation of age.");
+ Person turing = new Person("Alan Turing ", new DateTime(1912, 6, 23), new DateTime(1954, 6, 7));
+ Person knuth = new Person("Donald Knuth ", new DateTime(1938, 1, 10), null);
+ Console.WriteLine(turing.Age.Days);
+ Console.WriteLine(knuth.Age.Days);
+ Console.WriteLine(turing.AgeCoalescing.Days);
+ Console.WriteLine(knuth.AgeCoalescing.Days);
+
+ /**
+ * Listing 4.5 An alternative implementation of th TryXXX patern.
+ *
+ */
+ Console.WriteLine("Listing 4.5 An alternative implementation of th TryXXX patern.");
+ int? parsed = TryParse("Not valid");
+ if (parsed != null) {
+ Console.WriteLine("Parsed to {0}", parsed.Value);
+ } else {
+ Console.WriteLine("Couldn't parse");
+ }
+ }
+
+ static void Display(Nullable<int> x)
+ {
+ Console.WriteLine("HasValue: {0}", x.HasValue);
+ if (x.HasValue) {
+ Console.WriteLine("Value: {0}", x.Value);
+ Console.WriteLine("Explicit conversion: {0}", (int)x);
+ }
+ Console.WriteLine("GetValueOrDefault(): {0}", x.GetValueOrDefault ());
+ Console.WriteLine("GetValueOrDefault(10): {0}", x.GetValueOrDefault (10));
+ Console.WriteLine("ToString(): \"{0}\"", x.ToString());
+ Console.WriteLine("GetHashCode(): {0}", x.GetHashCode());
+ Console.WriteLine();
+ }
+
+ class Person
+ {
+ DateTime birth;
+ DateTime? death;
+ string name;
+
+ public TimeSpan Age
+ {
+ get {
+ if (death == null) {
+ return DateTime.Now - birth;
+ }
+ else {
+ return death.Value - birth;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ public TimeSpan AgeCoalescing
+ {
+ get {
+ DateTime lastAlive = death ?? DateTime.Now;
+ return lastAlive - birth;
+ }
+ }
+
+ public Person(string name, DateTime birth, DateTime? death)
+ {
+ this.birth = birth;
+ this.death = death;
+ this.name = name;
+ }
+ }
+
+ static int? TryParse(string text)
+ {
+ int ret;
+ if (int.TryParse(text, out ret)) {
+ return ret;
+ }
+ else {
+ return null;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+}
--- /dev/null
+// <autogenerated />
+[assembly: global::System.Runtime.Versioning.TargetFrameworkAttribute(".NETFramework,Version=v4.0", FrameworkDisplayName = "")]
--- /dev/null
+/home/gustavo/github/CSharpForFun/CSharpInDepth/Chapter4/Chapter4/obj/x86/Debug/.NETFramework,Version=v4.0.AssemblyAttribute.cs
+/home/gustavo/github/CSharpForFun/CSharpInDepth/Chapter4/Chapter4/bin/Debug/Chapter4.exe.mdb
+/home/gustavo/github/CSharpForFun/CSharpInDepth/Chapter4/Chapter4/bin/Debug/Chapter4.exe
+/home/gustavo/github/CSharpForFun/CSharpInDepth/Chapter4/Chapter4/obj/x86/Debug/Chapter4.exe
+/home/gustavo/github/CSharpForFun/CSharpInDepth/Chapter4/Chapter4/obj/x86/Debug/Chapter4.exe.mdb